One night at Hotel Bluewater

On 28th of July my family joined with my husband's office team to spend a day at Hotel Blue water. It is a five star hotel place on the beautiful Wadduwa beach in spacious gardens, dotted with many shady palm trees, 30 km south of Colombo.

My family started the journey at 9.30 am from our residence by our car. On the way my husband joined with their team members to play cricket at Mount Lavinia while myself and our daughter at his friends home near to the grounds. Then we all had our lunch atMount Lavinia Chinese Dragon and continued our travel to Wadduwa .


As we planned early we all reached the hotel around 3 p.m. It was a fun-filled weekend with more relaxation, food, dinner dance, sports and fun events.We returned on 29 th of July at 3p.m.

Here I am sharing some of our photos from my album( pls click on the above picture).

A History of Information Technology

We can see many articles related with IT in English. This is my first try where I have written an article on the topic "A History of Information Technology " in Tamil. Which has been published on 11th of July 2007 in the supplementary magazine of "Veerakesai" named " Genous". Here I have blogged this article for the readers who are interested to view this article.

jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; tuyhw;wpD}lhf xU gazk;

ehl;fs; efu;e;Jnfhz;Nl Nghfpd;wJ. vq;fisr; Rw;wp jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; gy gupkhw;wq;fisf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. Mdhy; vd;whtJ xUehs; ,j;njhopy;El;gk; vq;fpUe;J te;jJ> vjw;fhf te;jJ vd;W Nahrpj;jpUg;Nghkh? ,d;W cq;fis mnkupf;f tuyhw;wpd; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspw;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;Nwd;.

mnkupf;f tuyhw;wpy; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;lhdJ gy tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j epfo;TfshYk; gy Gjpa Af;jpfisf; ifahz;l Nghu;fs; Nghd;w tpQ;Qhd tsu;r;rpahYk; tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rpfspd; tsu;r;rpahYk; jd;dpaf;f fUtpfspd; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fshYk; epiwe;j fhyg; gFjpahFk;. Mdhy; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tsu;r;rpahdJ Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;ltw;iw gpd;js;sp tpl;lJ vd;W $wpdhy; kpifahfhJ. me;jstpw;F xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;f;f Kbahj tsu;r;rp 20 Mk; E}w;whz;by; jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; Vw;gl;lJ.

jfty; njhopy;El;gkhdJ jfty;fis gbKiwg;gLj;JtjpYk; mtw;iw ghJfhg;ghf Nrkpj;J itj;J NtW ,lq;fspw;F mDg;GtjpYk; my;yJ Njitahd jfty;fis NtW ,lq;fspypUe;J ngWtjpYk; ngupJk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. $l;ly; fUtp (Addin Machine), Slide rule kw;Wk; fzpg; nghwpfs; vd;gd fzf;fPLfspYk;> jl;lr;R (Type writer), Word Processor vd;gd jfty;fis Njitahd tbtpy; njhFg;gjw;Fk; njhiyNgrp> thndhyp kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp Nghd;wd jfty;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd fUtpfshFk;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; tsu;r;rpapy; Vw;gl;l kpfg; ngupa tug;gpurhjk; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;glf; $baJ fzpdpfspd; fz;Lgpbg;GfshFk;. fzpdpfshdJ Muk;g fhyq;fspy; rpf;fyhd fzf;fPLfis jPu;g;gjw;fhf tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;du;> fhe;j ehlhf;fs; (Magnetic tape)Nghd;w jfty;fs; Nrkpg;ghd;fspd; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fshdJ> kf;fs; kj;jpapy; fzpdpahdJ rpf;fyhd fzf;Ffis jPu;g;gjw;fhf kl;Lky;yhJ jfty;fis Nrkpg;gjw;Fk; mtw;iw Ntz;bathW gbKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;w vz;zj;ij cUthf;fpaJ. ,J Nghd;W nrhw;fis ifahSk; nkd; nghUl;fspd; fz;Lgpbg;ghdJ nrhw;fis gjpT nra;J njhFg;Gfshf cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; fzpdp tiyg;gpd;dy;fspd; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; xt;nthU jdpkdpjidAk; cyfj;jpd; ve;j xU ,lj;jpYk; ,Uf;Fk; Vida kf;fSld; njhlu;Gfis itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; fzpdpfisg; gad;gLj;j topNfhypaJ.

,t;tuyhw;Wg; gazj;jpy; mLj;jjhf jfty;fisg; gbKiwg;gLj;Jk; fUtpfs;> njhiyj;njhlu;G Clfq;fs; kw;Wk; fzpdpfspd; jdpg;gl;l tsu;r;rpiag; ghu;g;Nghk;. mj;Jld; xt;nthU fhyg; gFjpahdJk; ,f;fz;Lgpbg;Gfspy; vt;thW nry;thf;F nrYj;jpaJ vd;gijAk; ,q;F rw;W Nehf;FNthk;. NkYk; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; ehq;fs; xU tplaj;ij ftdpg;Nghkhdhy; mjpfkhf ,g;Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;GfshdJ VjhtJ xU fUtpia NtW xU Gjpa fUtpapdhy; khw;wPL nra;fpd;wjhfNth my;yJ Vw;fdNt ,Uf;Fk; fUtpia NkYk; nkUNfw;Wfpd;wjhfNth mike;jpUe;jJ.

jfty;fis cs;thq;Ftjw;Fk; mtw;iw Njitf;Nfw;g gbKiwg;gLj;jp Gjpa tbtpy; cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Njitahd NghJ njhlu;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUk; ,k;Kf;fpa njhopy;El;gj;jpd; fhyg; gFjpia ehd;F fhyg; gFjpfshf gpupf;fyhk;. mitahtd

(1) ,ae;jputpaypd; Muk;g fhyg; gFjp ( Pre mechanical)

(2) ,ae;jputpaw; fhyg; gFjp (Mechanical)

(3) kpd;rhu ,ae;jputpay; fhyg; gFjp (Electro Mechanical)

(4) ,yj;jpudpay; fhyg;gFjp (Electronical)

I ,ae;jputpaypd; Muk;g fhyg;gFjp (fp.K. 3000 fp.gp. 1450)

Muk;gj;jpy; kdpjd; thu;j;ijfshYk; tiujyhYk; Vida kdpju;fSld; njhlu;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;. fp.K. 3000 Mk; Mz;by; RNkupad;fs; tpspg;GfisAila vOj;Jfis (Cuneitorm) tiuaWj;jhu;fs;. fpl;lj;jl;l fp.K. 2000 ,y; Ngdprpad;fs; (Phoenicians) rpy FwpaPLfis cUthf;fpdhu;fs;. mjidj;njhlu;e;J fpNuf;fu;fs; Nghdprpad; Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fisAk; (Alphabets) Mq;fpy capu; vOj;Jf;fisAk; (Vowels) xd;whf;fpdhu;fs;. Nuhku;fs; ,d;W ehk; ghtpf;Fk; Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fspw;fhd ,yj;jpd; (Latin) ngaiuj; je;jhu;fs;.

RNkupad;fs; Muk;gfhyj;jpy; (Clay) milahsq;fisf; fPwpdhu;fs;. fp. K. 2600 fspy; vfpg;jpau;fs; Papyrus; vDk; jhtuj;jpy; vOjpdhu;fs;. fp. gp 100 fspy; rPdu;fs; juk; Fiwe;j fhfpjj;jhs;fis cUthf;fpdhu;fs;. ,JNt ,d;iwa fhfpj tbtikg;gpd; %y cUthf;fkhf mike;jJ.

Muk;g fhyq;fspy; nkrg;gj;NjhkpahtpYs;s kj FUkhu;fs; Gj;jfq;fis ghJfhj;J itj;jhu;fs;. fp. gp. 600 fspy; fpNuf;fu;fs; Papyrus jhtu ,iyfspy; jhs;fis cUthf;fp mtw;iw xd;whff; fl;b itj;jhu;fs;.

,d;W Gof;fj;jpYs;sJ Nghd;w ,yf;fq;fshdJ fp. gp. 100 ,w;F fp.gp. 200 w;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyg; gFjpapy; ,e;jpahtpypUe;j ,e;Jf;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tu;fs; Kjy; 1 9 ,yf;fq;fisAk; cUthf;fpdhu;fs;. fpl;lj;jl;l fp. gp. 875 ,y; G+r;rpaj;ijg; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; (,yf;fq;fis) ifahSk; KjyhtJ fUtpahf mghf;f]; (Abacus) fzpg; nghwp fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

II ,ae;jputpaw; fhyg; gFjp (1450-1840)

Johann Gutenberg vd;gtu; ,lj;Jf;fplk; nfhz;L nry;yf; $ba cyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;Ak; Kiwia 1450 ,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; Gj;jfq;fspd; gf;fq;fspw;F ,yf;fk; ,Lk; Kiw tsu;r;rp fz;bUe;jJ. NkYk; ,yf;fq;fisf; ifahSk; gzpfspy; William Oughtred vd;gtu; Slide rule I fz;Lgpbj;jhu;. Muk;gfhy analog; fzpdpfspw;F ,J xU cjhuzkhf mike;jJ.

1623 62 fhyg; gFjpapy; Basic Pascal vd;gtu; Pascaline vd;w fUtpia cUthf;fpdhu;.

The Pascaline (front)

Diagram of interior

N[u;kd; ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j fzpjtpayhsUk; nfhs;ifahsUkhd Gottfiried Wilhelm von Leibniz vd;gtu; L:eibniz's; ,ae;jpuj;ij cUthf;fpdhu;.

Charled Babbage vd;Dk; Mq;fpy fzpjtpayhsu; 1792-1871 fspy; Babbage's engine I cUthf;fpdhu;. . Difference Engine 1822 ,y; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ

III kpd; ,ae;jputpaw; fhyg;gFjp (1840-1940)

fhd]; kpd;rhuj;jpd; (Harness electricity) fz;Lgpbg;ghdJ ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; Kf;fpa tsu;r;rp fz;bUe;jJ. jfty;fshdJ ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; kpd;dpay; Jbg;Gfshf khw;wPL nra;ag;gl;lJ.

,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; njhiyj; njhlu;gpy; Vw;gl;l tsu;r;rpahf gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;

(i) 18 Mk; E}w;whz;by; voltaic battery mwpKfk;.

(ii) je;jp 1800 fspy; mwpKfk;

(iii) rhKty; Nkh]; vd;gtuhy; 1830 ,y; Morse code cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

(iv) njhiyNgrp 1876 ,y; Alexander Graham Bell vd;gtuhy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

(v) Guglelmo Marconi vd;gtuhy; 1894 ,y; thndhyp fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

kpd; ,ae;jpu fzpg;nghwp Kiwapy; Vw;gl;l ,f;fhy tsu;r;rpahf gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

(vi) Census Machine

(vii) Muk;g fhy Punch card

Punch card workers

(viii) ru;tNjr tpahghu ,ae;jpu $l;Lj;jhgdkhfpa IBM cUthf;fk;

(International Business Machines Corporation)

(ix) Harvard gy;fiyf;fofj;ijr; Nru;e;j PhD khztdhfpa Howard Ailcen, Mark I I cUthf;fpdhu;. ,jd; cUthf;fk; 1942 ,y; G+u;j;jpahfpaJ. 750>000 gFjpfisf; nfhz;l ,t;tikg;G 8 mb cauKk; 51 mb ePsKk; 2 mb mfyKk; 5 njhd; epiwAk; nfhz;lJ।

Mark I

jfty;fis Nrkpf;ff; $ba fhfpj ehlhf;fs;

IV ,yj;jpudpaw; fhyg; gFjp (1940-,d;Wtiu)

KjyhtJ Kaw;rpahf 1940 ,d; Muk;g fhyg; gFjpapy; ,yj;jpudpay; ntw;Wf; Foha;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. (Electronic Vaccum tubes) KjyhtJ mjpNtf nghJthd ghtidf;fhd (General purpose) fzpdpfs; ,t;tpyj;jpudpay; Foha;fisg; gad;gLj;jpd.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrators and Computer) 1946 mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J ,yj;jpudpay; ntw;Wf; Foha;fisf; nfhz;L mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,JNt KjyhtJ ,yj;jpudpay; fzpdpahFk;. ,J John Mauchy kw;Wk; J. Prosper Eckert vd;gtu;fshy; cUthf;fg; ngw;wJ. ,jw;F mnkupf;f ,uhZtk; jdJ gz cjtpfis toq;fpaJ. Mdhy; ,f;fzpdpahdJ jfty;fisr; Nrkpj;J itf;Fk; jpwidf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

KjyhtJ jfty;fis Nrkpj;J itf;ff; $ba fzpdpahf 1940 ,y; Mauchy kw;Wk; Eckert MfpNahu; EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer) I tbtikf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;. John Von Neumann's 1945 ,y; ,jdJ nraw;ghLfisg; gw;wpa jfty;fis njhFj;jhu;. gpupj;jhdpa tpQ;Qhdpfs; mtuJ fUj;Jf;fis 1948 ,y; Manchester Mark I ghtidf;F tplg;gl;lJ

,JNt jfty;fis Nrkpf;ff; $ba KjyhtJ fzpdpahf mike;jJ.

Cambridge gy;fiyf;fofj;ijr; Nru;e;j gpupj;jhdpa tpQ;Qhdpahd Maurice Wilkes 1949 ,y; EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calulator) w;fhd Ntiyfis G+u;j;jp nra;jhu;. ,J EDVAC apd; cUthf;fj;jpw;F 2 tUlq;fs; Kd;dNu cUthf;fg;gl;ljhy; ,JNt jfty;fis Nrkpj;J itf;ff; $ba nghJg; ghtidf;fhd KjyhtJ fzpdpahf mike;jJ.

gpd;du; KjyhtJ tu;j;jf ghtidf;fhd fzpdpahd UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. ,J 1940 ,d; gpw;fhyg; gFjpapy; Eckert kw;Wk; Mauchy vd;gtu;fshy; cUthf;fj; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; UNIVAC MdJ ghtidf;F tplg;gLk; Kd;dNu LEO (Lyons Electronic Office) vd;Dk; ,ae;jpuk; ghtidf;F te;jjhy; ,JNt KjyhtJ tu;j;jf Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd fzpdpahf mike;jJ.

,yj;jpudpay; fzpdpfspd; ehd;F re;jjpfs; (4 Generation)

(i) KjyhtJ re;jjp (First Generation (1951 -1958) )

ntw;Wf; Foha;fs; ,jd; Kf;fpa mk;rkhf mike;jJ. jfty;fis Nrkpg;gjw;F fhe;j cUisfs; ghtpf;fg;gl;l gbKiwfs; (Programs) Machine Language ,Yk; Assembly Language ,Yk; vOjg;gl;ld. Compiler fs; ghtpf;fg;gl;ld.

(ii),uz;lhtJ rj;jp (Second Genertaion (1959 - 1963))

,yj;jpudpay; ntw;Wf; Foha;fs; Transistors; My; khw;wPL nra;ag;gl;ld. ntspaf Nrkpg;ghd;fshf fhe;j ehlhf;fSk;> tl;lj; jl;Lf;fSk; (Disks) gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. Managetic Cores; cs;sf Nrkpg;ghd;fshf gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. cau;uf fzpdp nkhopfshd FORTRAN kw;Wk; COBOL gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

(iii) %d;whtJre;jjp (Third Generation (1964 - 1979) )

jdpg;gl;l Transistors MdJ Integrated Circuits My; gpujpaPL nra;ag;gl;lJ. Magnetic tape ck; Disks; ck; Kw;WKOjhf ntspaf Nrkpg;ghd;fshf gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductors) cs;sf Nrkpg;ghd;fshf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Operation system; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ fzpdpahd nkhopahf BASIC gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Microsoft ,d; Muk;g cUthf;fk; 1975 ,y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l

(v) ehd;fhtJ re;jjp (Fourth Generation (1979 ,d;W tiu)

LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circutis) ck; (Very Large Scale Integreated Circuits) ck; gad;ghl;bw;F te;jd. Momery, Logic kw;Wk; xU fl;Lg;ghl;L (Control) gFjpfs; %d;Wk; xd;whf xU Chip Mf cUthf;fg;gl;l CPU mwpKfkhdJ.

ehd;fhtJ re;jjpf;fhd fzpdp nkhopahf Visicale, Lotus 1-2- 3, deBase kw;Wk; Microsoft Word; vd;gd ghtpf;fg;gl;ld. ghtidahsu;fspw;F ,yFthf ifahsf; $bajhf GUI (Graphical User Interface) 1980 ,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Ms Windows; ,d; Kjy;tbtk; 1983 ,y; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Apples; fzpdpfspy; GUI 1984 ,y; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

Reference